Drawing on developmental cognitive neuroscience, our team adopts a full-lifespan perspective across childhood, adolescence and late adulthood to pursue sustained research on cognitive and emotional processing among mental health at-risk populations. Our research cohorts consist of clinical patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism, as well as at-risk individuals exhibiting social anhedonia, subthreshold depression, schizotypal traits, and autistic traits. We integrate multi-modal research techniques including psychological scale assessments, behavioral experimental paradigms, ecological momentary assessment, behavioral genetics, electrophysiology, and brain imaging. Our research focuses on core psychological domains: hedonic experience, reward processing, prospection, and social cognition. We conduct systematic research to reveal the intrinsic pathological mechanisms of various mental illnesses and clarify the distinct patterns of cognitive and emotional impairments across different populations. Our team evaluates and screens vulnerable individuals for risk. We establish an objective quantitative framework for assessing psychological deficits, and develop cognitive intervention training programs alongside neural modulation techniques for clinical and subclinical cohorts. Our goal is to uncover the underlying mechanisms of mental disorders for the purpose of early detection and intervention. Meanwhile, we explore effective approaches to foster mental well-being, strengthen psychological resilience, and optimize cognitive functions among the general healthy population.